Which Poison Frog Can Kill You?

 Which poison frog is more toxic?

 今回はBrave Wildernessの新着動画で2種類の毒ガエルを比較します。

僕が毎日このチャンネルを観ているのもありますが、とても聞きやすい英語ですね。

★５が最難関だとしたら、星３つ★★★☆☆といったところでしょうか。

初学者の方は、まずこの位の英語を90％以上理解できるように繰り返すとGoodです。

少し長めのMarkのセリフを見てみましょう。

00:40
And the reason I wanna find and present these frogs to you today is

まず1文目

And the reason I

the reason の後に I が来たので、

・どんなreasonなのかの説明が始まったこと

・どこかでisが来て、そこまでが主語になること

が予測できます。

wanna find and present these frogs to you today is

予測通りisが来たのでここまでが主語。

何が来るか予測できるとリスニングの精度が格段に向上します。

訳：「なんでこの2種類のカエルを今日お見せしたいかというと」

because I wanna talk about

あれ？主語の後にbecauseが来た？文法的におかしい？

はい、本当はreason is that I wanna talk about~が正しく、文法的には誤りですが、

理由を説明する気持ちが強い時に口語でよく言う表現です。慣れましょう。

訳：「理由は(このカエルについて)話したかったんだ」

just how toxic and dangerous these frogs really are,

訳：「毒性や危険性についてこれらのカエルの本当の所を話したかった」

2文目
and Mario's gonna give a special demonstration on

訳：「Marioは特別なデモをしてくれる」

何のデモ？→

how we get those really cool macro shots of a small creature like a poison frog.

訳：「どうやって僕らがとてもかっこいいアップの写真で、毒ガエルみたいな小さな動物を撮ったか」

どんなに長い文章も、必ず前から理解していきましょう。

それが英語で理解するということです。

それでは今日もYouTube英語学習を楽しんでいきましょう！

00:00
- Which poison frog is more toxic?
00:02
(dramatic orchestral music)
00:04
Got 'em!
00:05
Coyote's not the only one who bleeds.
00:06
(wild ambient music)
00:19
What's going on, everybody?
00:20
I'm Mark Vins.
00:20
Today we're back in Costa Rica
00:22
for another special adventure
00:23
brought to you by our friends at B&H; Photo.
00:26
And I'm particularly excited for today's adventure
00:28
because we are looking for one of my all-time favorite
00:31
land animals, the poison frog.
00:33
And not just one poison frog, two poison frogs,
00:36
the strawberry poison frog, and my personal favorite,
00:38
the green and black poison frog.
00:40
And the reason I wanna find and present these frogs
00:42
to you today is because I wanna talk about
00:44
just how toxic and dangerous these frogs really are,
00:48
and Mario's gonna give a special demonstration
00:50
on how we get those really cool macro shots
00:53
of a small creature like a poison frog.
00:55
But first things first, we have to find some.
00:57
Today we're gonna search just around our lodge here
00:59
because this whole site is full of bromeliad plants,
01:02
and those are perfect breeding habitats
01:05
for these species of frogs.
01:06
So they tend to hang out pretty close by.
01:08
As a matter of fact, I hear one right now.
01:11
I'm gonna film on the GoPro.
01:12
You guys follow me, and with any luck
01:15
we're gonna catch two frogs really quickly.
01:18
Okay, I think what I heard was actually
01:20
the strawberry poison frog, also called the pumilio.
01:24
And I heard it coming from right over here.
01:27
Oh, there he was.
01:28
Saw him right there.
01:30
I'm gonna try to not disturb the habitat too much.
01:35
Ah, this one might've gotten away.
01:37
So the frogs do have burrows in these masses,
01:41
and they have really great escape routes.
01:43
They're particularly hard to catch too
01:45
because they jump with a non-rhythmic motion,
01:47
which means they don't really have any synchronization
01:50
at all to the way they hop.
01:52
That was our first miss,
01:53
but we did see a strawberry poison frog there.
01:54
Let's keep looking.
01:55
We're in the right spot.
01:57
So these frogs are terrestrial.
01:59
So what we're looking for are low hanging branches
02:02
and leaves that they can find cover around,
02:04
and that's typically where you find these poison frogs.
02:07
(dramatic music)
02:09
Oh, got one.
02:11
Got one!
02:13
There he is.
02:14
Oh, with the, shh-shh.
02:15
Don't move, don't move.
02:16
He's right here.
02:17
I'm gonna let it work its way out,
02:18
and then I'm gonna go for the grab.
02:19
Ready?
02:20
Got a shot?
02:22
Got 'em!
02:24
(hoots)
02:25
(laughs)
02:26
Alright, ready for this?
02:28
Here we go.
02:30
Strawberry poison frog, we got one!
02:33
Alright, that's part one of two of today's adventure.
02:37
Next up, the green and black poison frog,
02:39
which is a little bit more difficult to catch than this one.
02:42
So for now, let's get a container.
02:45
Going to make a little micro habitat
02:47
for this frog for a little bit.
02:49
Some cover so it feels comfortable.
02:52
There we go.
02:53
Alright, let's go find a green and black poison frog.
02:57
Alright, good news, bad news.
02:59
The good news is we caught the first frog
03:01
we're after today, the strawberry poison frog,
03:03
and a really good one, too.
03:05
The bad news is we're in the rainforest,
03:07
and that means sometimes it's gonna rain.
03:10
And there is a rainstorm coming in right now.
03:11
So we're gonna let this shower pass by.
03:13
There is a little blessing in disguise.
03:15
This moisture is probably gonna bring out
03:16
some of the frogs we're looking for.
03:18
So all we have to do is wait a little while,
03:19
and then we'll be back at it,
03:21
trying to find the green and black poison frog.
03:23
Alright, taking a quick break.
03:26
(epic music)
03:31
So the the rainstorm has passed by, which is good news.
03:34
Also good news because all the sudden
03:37
the rainforest has come to life.
03:38
We're hearing tons of frogs calling right now.
03:40
Can you hear that?
03:42
I can hear about six or seven different species
03:44
distinctively right now that I wasn't hearing before.
03:46
So this is a really good sign that we may come across
03:49
that green and black poison frog
03:50
a little sooner than we thought.
03:52
Now the call of the strawberry poison frog
03:55
is a little more distinct and a little louder.
03:57
It's like a rip, rip, rip, rip kind of sound.
03:59
The green and black poison frog
04:01
is a duller kind of (croaks),
04:03
and it's definitely a lot less audible.
04:05
So we're gonna have to listen as we search along this edge.
04:09
So unlike the strawberry poison frog,
04:13
which I was able to sneak right up on and catch,
04:15
the green and black poison frog
04:17
is definitely more elusive and shy.
04:18
So I'm gonna have to be looking a lot further ahead
04:20
than the other species.
04:22
I've actually never caught
04:24
a green and black poison frog myself.
04:27
So this is a pretty special day for me.
04:28
This is my absolute favorite species of poison frog.
04:31
I've been obsessed with these creatures
04:32
since I was in third grade.
04:34
And this is really a dream come true
04:36
to be out here today in Costa Rica
04:38
finally getting hands on with one of my favorite animals.
04:41
If I'm lucky.
04:43
Okay, nothing here.
04:44
Let's keep moving this way.
04:46
(dramatic music) Wait a second.
04:49
I heard one.
04:53
It's gone.
04:53
It's so faint.
04:54
I heard it for just a second.
04:57
Let's move over this way.
05:02
- [Mario] There's one.
05:03
- Where? - Big one, right there.
05:04
It's right there, yep.
05:05
- Oh, I see it.
05:06
I see it, I see it, I see it.
05:10
Got 'em!
05:11
(cheers) Oh, man!
05:13
Alright, I don't wanna lose 'em.
05:14
Let's go back over here.
05:16
This is a big deal.
05:17
Oh my goodness.
05:20
Oh, no!
05:24
Got 'em, got 'em, got 'em, got 'em.
05:25
Almost got away.
05:26
Oh, man, this is a big moment.
05:28
My first ever green and black poison frog.
05:31
Look at that.
05:34
I have been dreaming of this moment
05:37
since I was nine years old.
05:39
Look at how beautiful that frog is.
05:41
Now we have both poison frogs
05:43
that we wanna take a closer look at today.
05:45
Let's put this one in a container
05:46
and take a look at both species side by side.
05:51
Coyote's not the only one who bleeds.
05:54
I bleed blood.
05:56
That whole bush that I just caught the poison frog in
05:59
is full of spotty plants.
06:02
Ouch.
06:04
Whew!
06:05
Okay, well.
06:08
There we have it.
06:10
Poison frog verse poison frog.
06:12
We are gonna take a quick look
06:13
at the differences between these two species
06:15
before we get into the macro photography.
06:17
So first things first, it's pretty obvious
06:20
that we have a size difference here.
06:21
The strawberry poison frog is more often than not
06:23
a lot smaller than the green and black poison frog.
06:26
We can also notice
06:26
they have very distinct coloration differences,
06:29
and I have to say look at how beautiful
06:31
these two poison frogs are.
06:33
They truly are the jewels of the rainforest.
06:36
Now they don't just look this way to impress us.
06:39
There's actually a reason why these frogs
06:41
display the colorations that they do.
06:43
This is what's called aposematic coloration,
06:45
which is a warning sign to predators that says
06:48
don't eat me because if you do,
06:49
you're gonna eat a whole mouthful of toxics
06:52
that I have in my skin.
06:53
Now we're gonna get to how toxic these two creatures are
06:56
in just a minute, but before we do,
06:58
let's talk about a couple other differences in behavior.
07:00
So they parent in very different ways.
07:02
The strawberry poison frog which genus is oophaga,
07:04
which means egg eater, actually takes their tadpoles
07:08
once they're hatched out of the egg, deposit them
07:10
in a small reservoir of water,
07:12
this can be in a bromeliad plant,
07:13
this can be in an empty coconut husk,
07:15
this can be in a hollowed out log,
07:16
and once the tadpoles are in there,
07:18
the female will go and deposit unfertilized eggs
07:21
to feed their offspring.
07:23
And this is the primary food source for these tadpoles
07:26
until they reach maturity and become frogs.
07:28
With the green and black poison frog,
07:30
their parenting a little bit different.
07:31
The male will actually carry the tadpoles on its back
07:35
to a water reservoir like a bromeliad or a hollowed out log,
07:38
and they will deposit the tadpoles at different times.
07:41
Now because of this, the tadpoles have different stages
07:44
of maturity, and while they are good parents,
07:46
they're not the greatest brothers and sisters
07:48
because these tadpoles unfortunately often cannibalize
07:51
each other for resources.
07:52
Because, unlike the strawberry poison frog,
07:54
which feeds on eggs from its parents,
07:56
the green and black poison frog
07:58
is completely reliant on its surroundings.
08:00
So it's gonna eat other insect larva, algae,
08:02
and mites that might crawl around the surface.
08:05
Time to answer the question you've all been waiting for.
08:07
Let's talk about the toxicity of these two poison frogs.
08:11
Which one is more toxic?
08:14
The short answer is it's pretty hard to tell.
08:16
But for human beings, both of these species are considered,
08:19
get this, none threatening, and that's exactly why
08:22
I'm able to hold both of these
08:24
and present them for you here today.
08:26
All I need to do after this presentation
08:27
is wash my hands with soap and water,
08:29
and I'm going to be just fine.
08:31
Now, that being said, there are varieties of poison frogs
08:35
in South America that are potentially dangerous
08:37
and even deadly to human beings.
08:39
And we're actually gonna be going on a trip to Columbia
08:41
later this year to try to find some of those.
08:44
So while neither of these frogs are potentially threatening
08:47
to human beings, they're both very toxic
08:49
for their would-be predators.
08:50
So I think we've take a pretty good look at both of these
08:53
little gems of the rainforest,
08:55
and now is time for Mario to step in
08:57
and show us some of the cool tricks of the trade
09:00
and how we get those awesome macro shots
09:02
with some of our specialty lenses.
09:04
Mario, you ready to step in?
09:05
- [Mario] Alright, let's do it.
09:06
- Okay, cool.
09:07
Okay, so we had to make a quick move there
09:08
because the sun started to come out,
09:10
and believe it or not, despite being toxic,
09:13
these frogs are actually very, very fragile.
09:15
So for the wellbeing of the frog,
09:16
we wanted to move to the shade.
09:18
And that being said, Mario, how do we get these macro shots?
09:21
- We're gonna be using this setup right here,
09:23
which is the new Canon EOS R and our favorite lens,
09:27
the Macro 100 Millimeter Canon L-Series.
09:31
So in order to get these really tight shots,
09:33
a few things have to be in our favor.
09:36
Light and stability.
09:38
So we like to use a nice, sturdy tripod in order to get
09:42
the stability we need in low-light conditions.
09:44
- [Mark] One of the reasons why we really love
09:46
this 100 mil macro lens is because
09:49
of its amazing image stabilization.
09:52
A lot of times we may not have the most heavy-duty tripod,
09:55
and we have to use light-weight gear.
09:57
So that extra image stabilization is critical.
10:00
- So I'm gonna start recording.
10:02
We've got this dual-pixel auto-focus,
10:04
which means any little movement will actually be tracked.
10:08
Now unfortunately there is some movement
10:10
in just holding this animal.
10:12
It is very hard to keep still.
10:13
But as you see, we're already achieving
10:15
that really fine detail
10:17
that macro photography actually will allow.
10:20
- So how am I doing?
10:21
Am I staying steady enough for ya?
10:22
- You're pretty steady,
10:23
but I think we are done with this guy.
10:24
Let's go ahead and move onto the green and black.
10:27
- Okay, cool.
10:29
Now time for the all-star, my personal favorite,
10:32
the green and black poison frog.
10:34
Man, nine year old Mark would be very, very pleased
10:37
with how today's going.
10:39
In the world of macro,
10:41
we went from the little strawberry dart frog to this one.
10:44
This is bigger.
10:45
So now I have to actually adjust a little bit
10:47
at least for the distance.
10:49
We wanna get kind of its entire body in frame.
10:53
That blue shirt with this contrast of the green and black
10:56
looks really nice.
10:57
- [Mark] Thank you, Mario.
10:58
I'll take that as a compliment.
11:01
- [Mario] It's amazing you can actually see its respiration.
11:05
Beautiful.
11:05
- So macro photography is definitely a team effort,
11:09
especially in a situation like this
11:10
where you have one person holding a specimen
11:14
and one person getting the video.
11:16
- [Mario] Great thing about these cameras, of course,
11:17
is you could also get your still images from 'em.
11:20
- [Mark] Okay, got both frogs back in hand.
11:22
Mario, you ready to get the thumbnail?
11:23
- [Mario] Yes.
11:24
- And since this episode is comparison
11:26
of two of our favorite species of poison frog,
11:29
we're gonna do a head-to-head comparison for the thumbnail.
11:33
(shutter clicking)
11:35
- [Mario] Let's get a green background.
11:38
(shutter clicking)
11:39
- Man, what an awesome day.
11:42
Catching a strawberry poison frog is always a great day,
11:44
but I have to say for myself, finding and catching
11:47
my very first green and black poison frog
11:49
was truly a special moment.
11:51
So thank you for being here, Mario.
11:52
That was awesome. - Congratulations.
11:53
- Thank you.
11:54
And I do wanna say a special thank you to B&H; Photo
11:56
for sponsoring this adventure.
11:57
And here's some good news.
11:59
They've put together some awesome gear and deal packages
12:02
just for our audience.
12:02
So if you go to www.bhphoto.com/brave right now,
12:07
you can take advantage of those deal offerings
12:09
and get outside and make videos like we do!
12:11
- Yeah, and don't forget.
12:12
Subscribe and hit the notification bell
12:14
so you can join us on our next adventure.
12:16
- Alright, starting to rain.
12:17
Better wrap it up.
12:18
- Yeah, let's get out of here.
12:19
I'm Mario Aldecoa.
12:20
- I'm Mark Vins.
12:21
- Be brave.
12:22
- [Mark] Stay wild.
12:23
- We'll see you on the next adventure.
12:24
- Alright, let's let 'em go.
12:27
(bright light music)
12:28
Thanks for hanging out.
12:33
Alright, see you later.
12:37
Whoop.
12:38
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12:39
subscribing to "Brave Wilderness"?
12:41
Joining the Brave Crew.
12:42
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12:44
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12:46
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12:48
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12:50
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12:53
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12:54
(wild ambient music)