軍艦島の歴史！
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日本人が英語を話すときも同じことをやってしまっています。
カタカナ英語です。
我々が「はすぃま」って少し違うよねと思うのと同様、アメリカ人も「カタカナ英語変だよね」、と思っています。
綺麗な発音ができるようになりたいと思う人は多いと思いますが、
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「ネイティブが喋っているように喋る」ことです。
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You like James Bond movies?
00:05
If you watched “Skyfall” maybe you wondered what a weird and spooky stage set they used
00:09
in some scenes.
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A concrete island with tumble-down houses and not a single tree or plant around.
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The gloomiest place on Earth you’ve ever seen, for sure.
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Can it be real?
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In fact, it is.
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Welcome to Hashima!
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Hashima is an island 9 miles from Nagasaki.
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It’s one of many hundreds of uninhabited islands in Nagasaki prefecture.
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Unlike others, which are green and covered with forests, Hashima looks like bare rocks
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with no plants on them.
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If you look closer you’ll see that the rocks are actually empty high-risers standing on
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manmade coastal banks.
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The key to the island’s secret is in the coal mining.
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16.5 million tons of coal were taken from the ocean’s bottom to the surface near Hashima
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for its century-long history.
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But in 1974 the locals left the island forever.
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For many centuries, people living on Takashima – a big island not far from Hashima, gathered
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coal, which lay close to the surface.
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They used it to heat their houses and called “goheita” after the man, who, as legend
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has it, accidentlly found its fuel qualities.
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In 18-19th centuries Takashima island was part of feudal lands belonging to the Fukahori
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family.
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They saw the profit that coal mining started to bring and took control of all the bargains
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in their own hands.
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Islanders served just as a work force to them, and soon coal mining became the basis of the
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local economy.
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In 1850-s Nagasaki became an international port on the way to China and a way station
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for foreign commercial cargos.
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Great Britain, The USA and other Western countries were replacing their sailing ships with steamers,
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and demand for coal was growing.
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It made the Fukahori widen the territory of coal mining.
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They approached a Scotch entrepreneur Thomas B. Glover for help.
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Till that time the method of coal extraction was very primitive: a miner had to cut pieces
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of coal from an open surface with a twibill.
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When coal was exhausted or the open-cast got too deep and unsafe they would just move to
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another place.
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Glover brought modern British equipment and drifted a vertical coalmine to the island
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coal reserves.
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In 1869 the drifters reached the depth of 150 ft, and modern coal mining began in Japan.
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Takashima coal had a high quality and soon filled the treasury of Nagasaki with foreign
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currency.
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Fukahori made up their mind to develop reserves on the neighboring islands, and this is how
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a chain of lifeless rocks called Hashima became a coal island too.
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At the end of the 19th century they sold the island to Mitsubishi, which was a shipping
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enterprise then.
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The new owner built dwelling houses for workers and made tall fortifications, which hade the
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island look similar to a battleship gliding on the waves.
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The resemblance was so strong that a local newspaper reporter called it Gunkanjima (the
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island of ships).
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The nickname soon displaced the official name from the spoken word.
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Hashima produced about 150.000 tons of coal each year, and its population in 1916 was
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3000 people.
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It was then that Mitsubishi built a concrete residential complex to make up for shortfall
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of living space.
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It was the first big concrete building in Japan.
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In fact, the first big concrete building in America –Ingalls in Cincinnati - was built
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only 14 years earlier.
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So Hashima’s building was a frontman of the new architectural era in Japan.
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A 6-storied house built at the south of the island gave workers and their families small
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but private apartments.
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Each of them consisted of a 106 sq ft room with a tatami.
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Bathroom, kitchen and lavatory were in public use.
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2 years later an even bigger residential complex was built in the center of the island.
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It was the biggest in Japan, had 9 stories from the ocean side and 3 – from the rock
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side.
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And it was only the beginning.
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A total of 30 concrete houses were soon built on the island.
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By 1941 the yearly production of coal in Hashima reached 410,000 tons, and it kept growing.
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In 1959 the population of Hashima was over 5,200.
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The total square of the island is 6.3 ha, and 60% of it are rocky slopes where most
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of the dwelling houses are built.
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Any level surface of the island was mainly used for facility buildings.
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So, the density of population on Hashima was 835 people per hectare of the whole island,
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or 1400 people per hectare of the residential area.
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These figures indicate the highest density of population ever recorded in the world.
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Even Warabi, the bedroom district of Tokyo and the most densely populated city, has only
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141 people per hectare.
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Between residential houses, there were squeezed a primary school, a secondary school, a playground,
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a gym, a cinema, bars, restaurants, 25 different stores, and a Buddhist church.
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There were no motorized means of transport on the island, because it would take less
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than 10 minutes to walk from one end of the island to the other.
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Hashima citizens had no umbrellas, as the mazes of corridors and stairs connected all
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the dwelling houses and served as a transport system.
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Housing, electricity and water were free for workers, but all the residents had to take
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part in public works and clean-up of the territory.
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As for food, clothes and other articles of commerce, the community totally depended on
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the outer world.
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Fresh water also had to be brought to the island before the tubes laid on the sea bottom
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connected Hashima with the reservoir on the land in 1957.
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Any storm that stopped the sailing for more than a day posed a threat to living on Hashima.
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The most remarkable trait of this place was a total absence of the ground and plants.
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Hashima was nothing more but coal ash, laid around a bare rock.
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In 1963 as part of a “green campaign” Hashima residents brought soil from the mainland
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and made gardens on the roofs.
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They started growing vegetables and flowers there, and the island started looking a bit
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less gloomy.
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But it wasn’t for long.
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At the end of the 1960-s Japanese economy skyrocketed, and coal was admitted an ecologically
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dirty fuel.
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Oil soon replaced coal as a basis of national energy programs.
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The government started shutting down coalmines around the country, and Hashima wasn’t an
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exclusion.
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The coal mining on the island had always been difficult because of the harsh climate: storms,
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earthquakes and tsunami are common in this place, and they had to keep restoring fortification
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walls all the time.
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It took extra money and forces and posed a risk for people living on the island.
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Waves as high as 30 ft would often fall on Hashima turning its streets into a rough river.
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Mitsubishi reduced staff on Hashima, retrained workers and sent them to other subsidiaries.
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By 1974 there were about 2000 people left on the island, and on January 15, 1974 the
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company officially announced the closure of the mine.
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In 3 months all the residents of Hashima left the island forever.
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For the 84 years of its history it produced about 16.5 million tons of coal.
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Hashima now is an abandoned and forgotten island, which looks as a strange lighthouse
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guarding the entrance to Nagasaki bay.
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The modern state of the island is the result of climate influence.
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Nobody tried to destroy it on purpose, but all the buildings look as if they suffered
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a military attack or stayed uninhabited much longer.
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The island’s state is a warning about the importance of wise forecasting.
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This is what happens when the society gets too far from Nature.
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The whole world might look like this after the end of urbanization and exploitation of
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resources.
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For many years visits to the island were forbidden and punished with a deportation from Japan.
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This was a measure against thieves, who would come to Hashima in search of things they could
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sell.
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Things from the ghost town were in great demand among rich collectors.
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The island was rediscovered once again in the 21st century and gained a wild popularity,
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especially among those who are fond of ruins.
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It started attracted tourists from the West, and in August 2005 it was officially opened
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for journalists visits.
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In September 2008 Hashima (Gunkanjima) island was included in the list to get the status
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of UNESCO world heritage as a monument to a whole period of Japanese history.
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Nagasaki prefecture planned to make a kind of a park – museum of the island, renovate
08:57
the decaying buildings and open it for tourists.
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But the project demanded huge resources and wasn’t fully put into practice.
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Since April 2009 there are regular steamer cruises to the island and around it from Nagasaki.
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Tourists can come to Hashima, but access is open only to the part of the island, which
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is specially equipped for visits and is considered safe.
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Any attempts to search the island by oneself and leave the tourist route are dangerous.
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No wonder that this scenic island was used as a location for shooting movies.
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In 2009, it was the location for the TV series “Life after people” as a living example
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of what happens to a city left by people 35 years ago.
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And in 2011, some of the most thrilling and sinister scenes of “Skyfall” were also
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filmed here.
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Would you like to see with your own eyes what happens to cities uninhabited by people?
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Let me know down in the comments!
09:55
Hey, if you learned something new today, then give this video a like and share it with a
09:59
friend.
10:00
But don’t go uninhabiting..somewhere-- just yet!
10:04
We have over 2,000 cool videos for you to check out.
10:08
Just click on this left or right video and enjoy!
10:11
Stay on the Bright Side of life!
